Icelandic Food: Guide to Traditional and Modern Icelandic Cuisine

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An assortment of food

Introduction to Icelandic cuisine

Hey there, food enthusiasts! Ever wondered what makes Icelandic cuisine so unique? Well, you’re in for a treat. Iceland’s culinary scene is a fascinating mix of history, geography, and pure innovation. From traditional dishes that have stood the test of time to modern gastronomic delights, the story of Icelandic food is an interesting one. Icelandic cuisine is a blend of tradition and innovation, deeply influenced by the island’s natural resources. From the heartwarming comfort of traditional dishes to the fresh bounty of the sea, and unique sweets like black liquorice, Icelandic food tells a story of survival, creativity, and the profound connection to nature.

Traditional Icelandic Dishes

Hangikjรถt (smoked lamb) is one of the most beloved traditional Icelandic dishes, often served during special occasions like Christmas.
Hangikjรถt (smoked lamb) is one of the most beloved traditional Icelandic dishes, often served during special occasions like Christmas.

Let’s start by peeking into Iceland’s culinary heritage, which is deeply rooted in its Viking heritage. The dishes that have emerged from this history are a testament to the ingenuity of past generations which had to make the most of what they had. Let’s have a look at a list of some traditional Icelandic food.

  • Hรกkarl (Fermented Shark): Perhaps the most famous (or infamous) of Icelandic foods, Hรกkarl is known for its strong flavor and distinct aroma. It’s a dish that encapsulates the spirit of traditional Icelandic preservation techniques.
  • รžorramatur: This is a selection of various preserved foods, typically enjoyed during the winter months. It includes hardfiskur (dried fish), sviรฐ (singed sheep’s head), and lifrarpylsa (liver sausage), providing a true taste of Iceland’s culinary past.
  • Hangikjรถt (Smoked Lamb): A beloved traditional dish, Hangikjรถt is often served during special occasions like Christmas. Its unique taste comes from the traditional smoking process, using Icelandic birch, or sometimes dried sheep dung, to infuse the meat with a distinctive flavor.
  • Harรฐfiskur (Dried Fish): This is a staple snack in Iceland, often enjoyed with butter. It’s not only a part of the traditional Icelandic diet but also a great source of protein.
  • Slรกtur: Similar to haggis, Slรกtur consists of sheep’s offal mixed with blood, fat, and oats, encased in the animal’s stomach. This dish is a perfect example of the nose-to-tail eating philosophy that’s been a part of Icelandic cooking for centuries.
  • Rรบgbrauรฐ (Icelandic Rye Bread): This dense, dark bread is traditionally baked in the ground near hot springs, demonstrating the ingenious use of Icelandโ€™s geothermal energy for cooking.
  • Sviรฐ: Sviรฐ is an iconic Icelandic dish made from singed and boiled sheep’s head, known for its unique preparation and strong cultural significance in Iceland’s culinary heritage.
  • Sviรฐasulta (Sheep’s Head Jelly): This dish is made from pressed sheep’s head cut into slices. It’s a unique example of traditional Icelandic food preservation methods and is often enjoyed cold.
  • Kjรถtsรบpa (Icelandic Meat Soup): A hearty and warming soup, Kjรถtsรบpa is made with lamb and a variety of root vegetables like potatoes, carrots, and rutabaga. It’s a staple in Icelandic households, especially during the colder months.
  • Skyr: While often compared to yogurt, Skyr is actually a soft cheese, rich in protein and low in fat. It’s been a part of Icelandic cuisine for over a thousand years and is commonly enjoyed with milk and sugar, or as a base in various desserts.

Each of these dishes offers a unique insight into Iceland’s culinary culture. They reflect a time when the harsh climate and challenging landscapes dictated the food practices. Today, these dishes are celebrated for their cultural significance and distinct flavors that can be hard to find elsewhere.

Icelandic Seafood

A sumptuous plate of fresh Icelandic seafood.
A sumptuous plate of fresh Icelandic seafood.

Surrounded by the North Atlantic, Iceland boasts a rich variety of seafood. Plokkfiskur, a hearty fish stew, is a staple, while fresh Icelandic cod and salmon are celebrated for their quality and taste. These dishes not only highlight Iceland’s culinary prowess but also its commitment to sustainable fishing practices.

  • Plokkfiskur: A beloved fish stew made with boiled fish (typically cod or haddock), potatoes, onions, and bรฉchamel sauce, offering a comforting and hearty taste.
  • Harรฐfiskur: A traditional Icelandic snack, this is wind-dried fish, usually cod, haddock, or ocean catfish, known for its chewy texture and intense flavor, often enjoyed with butter.
  • Graflax: Salmon cured in salt, sugar, and dill, a Nordic dish that’s popular in Icelandic cuisine, served thinly sliced with a mustard sauce.
  • Rรฆkjur (Shrimp): Icelandic shrimp, known for their sweetness and firm texture, are used in various dishes, from salads to creamy sauces.
  • Humar (Icelandic Lobster): A delicacy, Icelandic lobster or langoustine is smaller than typical lobsters and is renowned for its tender, buttery flavor.
  • Smoked Trout: In Iceland, trout is often smoked, which imparts a rich, deep flavor. It’s a popular ingredient in Icelandic cuisine, enjoyed in various forms, from simple slices to inclusion in elaborate dishes.
  • Smoked Salmon: Similar to smoked trout, smoked salmon is a staple in Icelandic food culture. The smoking process, which uses local woods and traditional methods, adds a unique depth of flavor to the salmon.
  • Bacalao (Salted Cod): A dish with roots in Iceland’s trading history, bacalao is salted cod, often rehydrated and cooked in a variety of ways, from stews to pan-fried preparations.
  • Fiskibollur (Fish Balls): A common feature in Icelandic home cooking, fiskibollur are fish balls made from ground fish, often cod or haddock, mixed with flour and milk, and seasoned before being fried.

Modern Icelandic Cuisine

A vibrant display of modern Icelandic cuisine, featuring innovative dishes that blend traditional ingredients with contemporary culinary techniques
A vibrant display of modern Icelandic cuisine, featuring innovative dishes that blend traditional ingredients with contemporary culinary techniques.

In recent years, modern Icelandic cuisine has not only captured the imagination of food lovers worldwide but has also garnered international acclaim. In a delightful culinary evolution, Icelandic chefs are skillfully reimagining and reinventing traditional recipes, infusing them with contemporary techniques and global influences. This fusion creates a culinary identity that is uniquely and unmistakably Icelandic, yet appealing to a global palate.

Nowhere is this blend of old and new more evident than in the bustling, vibrant restaurant scene of Reykjavik. Here, in the heart of Iceland’s capital, tradition meets innovation on plates that are as visually stunning as they are flavorful. From the rustic charm of countryside kitchens to the sophisticated ambiance of city eateries, the diversity of Iceland’s culinary landscape is on full display.

To give you a taste of this exciting culinary trend, we’ve compiled a list of examples showcasing how traditional Icelandic ingredients and dishes are being transformed in modern kitchens. These dishes are a testament to the creativity and versatility of Iceland’s contemporary chefs, who are redefining the nation’s food culture while staying true to its roots. Join us as we explore these innovative interpretations.

  • Icelandic Pylsur (Hot Dogs): A national favorite, these hot dogs are made primarily from Icelandic lamb, along with pork and beef, and are often topped with remoulade, sweet mustard, ketchup, crispy fried onions, and raw onions.
  • Birch-Flavored Lamb: A modern twist on the traditional Hangikjรถt, this dish features lamb infused with the subtle, earthy flavors of Icelandic birch, showcasing the innovative use of local ingredients.
  • Arctic Char with Crowberry Sauce: A fusion dish featuring locally caught Arctic char, served with a sauce made from crowberries, blending the traditional Icelandic fish with a modern, uniquely Icelandic berry accompaniment.
  • Skyr Mousse with Wild Berry Compote: This dessert elevates traditional skyr to a new level, turning it into a light, airy mousse and pairing it with a compote of wild Icelandic berries for a modern, sophisticated dessert.
  • New Nordic Rye Bread (Rรบgbrauรฐ): A contemporary version of the classic rรบgbrauรฐ, baked using innovative techniques to enhance its texture and flavor, often paired with modern accompaniments like smoked trout or pickled herring.
  • Icelandic Herb-Infused Cocktails: Utilizing traditional Icelandic herbs like Arctic thyme or angelica, these innovative cocktails represent a fusion of Iceland’s foraging tradition with contemporary mixology.
  • Seaweed-Seasoned Dishes: Chefs in Iceland are increasingly using seaweed, a traditional ingredient, in innovative ways, seasoning everything from fish to lamb, adding a unique, umami-rich Icelandic flavor.
  • Geothermally Cooked Soups: Modern chefs are adopting the traditional method of cooking soups and stews using Iceland’s geothermal heat, but with contemporary ingredients and flavors, showcasing the fusion of tradition and innovation.
A delicious Icelandic hot dog, or Pylsur, topped with traditional condiments including remoulade, sweet mustard, and crispy onions. This image captures the essence of Iceland's favorite street food, a must-try for visitors.
A delicious Icelandic hot dog, or Pylsur, topped with traditional condiments including remoulade, sweet mustard, and crispy onions. This image captures the essence of Iceland’s favorite street food, a must-try for visitors.

Local Ingredients and Foraging Culture

The heart of Icelandic cooking lies in its use of fresh, local ingredients. Lamb, dairy, and wild herbs, foraged from the pristine Icelandic landscape, are staples. This foraging culture not only defines the flavors of the cuisine but also underscores a sustainable approach to food.

  • Icelandic Lamb: Renowned for its quality, Icelandic lamb is free-range, grazing on wild grasses, herbs, and berries, which imparts a unique flavor to the meat.
  • Wild Berries: Iceland’s countryside offers an abundance of wild berries, like bilberries (blueberries) and crowberries, which are foraged and used in jams, desserts, and sauces.
  • Arctic Herbs: Herbs like Arctic thyme and angelica, which grow in the wild, are essential in traditional Icelandic cooking, adding unique flavors to dishes.
  • Geothermally Grown Vegetables: Utilizing the geothermal energy, Icelanders grow a variety of vegetables like tomatoes and cucumbers in greenhouses, ensuring freshness and sustainability.
  • Fresh Seafood: The cold, clean waters around Iceland provide an array of seafood, including cod, haddock, and Arctic char, fundamental to the Icelandic diet.
  • Seaweed: Harvested from the Icelandic shores, seaweed is used in various culinary applications, from seasoning to healthy snacks, reflecting the connection to the sea.
  • Icelandic Dairy: Products like skyr (a traditional, yogurt-like cheese) and unique Icelandic butter are staples, valued for their purity and rich taste.
  • Wild Mushrooms: Foragers collect a variety of mushrooms from Icelandic forests, which are used in everything from soups to sauces, adding earthy flavors to dishes.
  • Mountain Lamb: In autumn, lambs that graze in the highlands are sought after for their distinct, herb-infused flavor, a result of their diet of wild mountain herbs.
Thymus praecox. It is known locally as blรณรฐberg, meaning "bloodstone".
Thymus praecox. It is known locally as blรณรฐberg, meaning “bloodstone”.

Icelandic Sweets, Desserts and Pastry

Diving into the world of Icelandic cuisine reveals a sweet side that’s as rich and varied as its savory counterpart. A journey through Icelandic desserts and sweets unveils a particular fondness for liquorice, which is creatively incorporated into a myriad of confections. These treats, along with a variety of pastries and desserts, showcase Iceland’s unique approach to sweet indulgences, blending traditional tastes with innovative twists.

  • Kleinur (Icelandic Doughnuts): A traditional Icelandic pastry, Kleinur is a twisted, fried doughnut-like treat, flavored with cardamom. It’s a popular snack in Iceland, often served with coffee.
  • Pรถnnukรถkur (Icelandic Pancakes): These are thin, crepe-like pancakes, traditionally rolled up with a sprinkle of sugar, or filled with jam and whipped cream. Pรถnnukรถkur are a cherished treat in Icelandic households, especially during festive occasions.
  • Lummur: Lummur are traditional Icelandic pancakes, soft and thick, often enjoyed with jam and whipped cream, serving as a comforting snack or a delightful breakfast treat.
  • Flatkรถkur (Flat Bread): Often served with smoked lamb or fish, these traditional Icelandic flatbreads are a quick and delicious snack.
  • Astarpungar: Also known as “Love Balls,” these are small doughnut-like pastries filled with raisins and deep-fried, commonly enjoyed during the Christmas season.
  • Vรญnarterta: A multi-layered cake, with layers of thin cookie-like bread alternated with spiced prune jam, and often covered in a thin layer of icing.
  • Hjรณnabandssรฆla: Often translated as “Happy Marriage Cake,” this is a traditional oatmeal and rhubarb jam tart, a classic and simple Icelandic dessert.
  • Bolludagur Cream Puffs: These cream-filled choux pastries are a special treat enjoyed on Bolludagur, or “Bun Day,” part of the Icelandic celebration of Lent.
  • Icelandic Licorice: A particularly popular sweet in Iceland, it comes in various forms, from pure licorice sticks to chocolate-covered licorice and is often combined with other flavors like mint or marzipan.
  • Rรบgbrauรฐsรญs (Rye Bread Ice Cream): A unique Icelandic dessert that incorporates rye bread into ice cream, often served with rhubarb compote or caramel sauce.
  • Jรณlakaka (Christmas Cake): A traditional Christmas cake, lightly spiced and studded with raisins, candied citrus peels, and almonds.
  • Snรบรฐur: A cinnamon roll-like pastry, often topped with icing or chocolate, beloved in Iceland and commonly enjoyed as a sweet snack.
  • Kanilsnรบรฐar (Cinnamon Buns): Icelandic cinnamon buns, known for their soft texture and aromatic cinnamon filling, often enjoyed with coffee.
  • Skyrkaka (Skyr Cake): A no-bake cheesecake-style dessert made with skyr, offering a tangy flavor and creamy texture, often topped with fresh berries.
  • Brauรฐ & Co Cinnamon Buns: Famous for their flaky, buttery texture and generous cinnamon filling, these cinnamon buns from Brauรฐ & Co have become a staple in Reykjavik’s pastry scene. Perfectly balanced in sweetness and spiced with cinnamon, they are a favorite among locals and visitors alike, often enjoyed fresh and warm from the oven.
  • Omnom Chocolate: A standout in the world of Icelandic sweets, Omnom is an artisanal chocolate brand known for its innovative and high-quality chocolate bars. Crafted in Reykjavik, these chocolates blend unique Icelandic flavors, such as sea salt and licorice, with premium cacao, creating a luxurious and distinctive tasting experience that’s both modern and deeply rooted in Icelandic culinary tradition.
Icelandic black licorice is renowned for its distinct, bold flavor, often stronger and saltier than its counterparts elsewhere.
Icelandic black licorice is renowned for its distinct, bold flavor, often stronger and saltier than its counterparts elsewhere.

Icelandic Food Walks and Culinary Tours Experience

For those eager to immerse themselves in Iceland’s food scene, food walks and culinary tours offer an authentic experience. These tours provide a hands-on approach to understanding Icelandic cuisine, from tasting traditional dishes to visiting local markets.

  • Reykjavik Food Walk: Explore the heart of Reykjavik and taste traditional Icelandic dishes while learning about the city’s rich culinary history.
  • Reykjavik Food Tour by Wake Up Reykjavik: Discover the heart of Icelandic cuisine on this guided tour through Reykjavik, tasting everything from traditional dishes to sweet local treats, all while soaking in the city’s rich culture and history.
  • Seafood Trail in the Westfjords: Dive into the seafood delicacies of Iceland’s Westfjords, with tastings of fresh fish and visits to local fishing communities.
  • Golden Circle Culinary Tour by Grayline: Experience the famous Golden Circle, combined with stops at local farms for tastings of Icelandic specialties.
  • Icelandic Cooking Class: Participate in a hands-on cooking class to learn the preparation of classic Icelandic dishes.
  • Reykjavik Bar Tour: Experience Reykjavik’s vibrant nightlife and unique local drinks on this guided bar tour, offering a taste of the city’s best pubs and cocktails, coupled with fascinating stories and lively Icelandic culture.
  • Craft Beer Tour: Explore Reykjavik’s craft beer scene with Your Friend in Reykjavik.
People enjoying food and drinks on a food tour.
People enjoying food and drinks on a food tour.

Finding Work in the Food Industry in Iceland

Iceland offers unique opportunities for those looking to work in the food industry. From traditional Icelandic restaurants to innovative culinary ventures, the country’s growing food scene is ripe with possibilities. To find a job in this sector, start by exploring local job listings and networking within the culinary community. It’s also beneficial to understand the local cuisine and practices, as well as to have some knowledge of Icelandic or English. For non-EU citizens, securing a work permit is a crucial step. More information and tips on job hunting in Iceland refer to our article Finding a Job in Iceland.

Food Prices in Iceland: Groceries and Dining Out

The cost of food in Iceland is a crucial aspect for both residents and visitors to consider. While groceries tend to be expensive due to Iceland’s remote location and import dependence, prices vary between budget supermarkets and high-end stores. Fresh produce, dairy, and meat generally command higher prices, whereas seafood is more affordable and fresher.

When it comes to dining out, restaurant prices in Iceland can also be on the higher side, especially in tourist-heavy areas and in the capital, Reykjavik. The cost can vary significantly based on the type of restaurant and its location. For a more affordable dining experience, local pubs and smaller cafes are great options. To manage expenses effectively, it’s beneficial to mix dining out with self-catered meals, especially for longer stays.

For more insights into the cost of groceries and tips on budget-friendly shopping, check out the article How Much Do Groceries Cost In Icelandic Supermarkets.

Conclusion

From the rugged landscapes to the warm hospitality of its people, Icelandic cuisine is a reflection of the island’s spirit. Whether you’re a culinary enthusiast or a curious traveler, the flavors of Iceland await to delight and inspire. We invite you to share your Icelandic food experiences in the comments below, and please feel free to let us know if you think of other Icelandic delicacies that were not included in this article.

Verรฐi รพรฉr aรฐ gรณรฐu! This Icelandic phrase, meaning “Enjoy your meal,” captures the essence of the joy and pleasure found in exploring Iceland’s culinary offerings.

Movingtoiceland Editor

Movingtoiceland Editor

Contact by email info@movingtoiceland.com